本篇教程的视频

本篇教程的源代码

GitHub地址：TutorialMod-Facing-1.20.1

本篇教程目标

  • 理解方块的朝向这个方块状态
  • 为方块添加朝向，并生成其方块状态文件

查看源代码

那么在我们的游戏中，除了六个面都是相同材质的方块之外，大多数方块都是有朝向的

比如熔炉，我暂且将它开口的那个面称之为特征面

当我们放下熔炉方块时，不论你面朝何方（除了上下），熔炉的特征面永远是面向玩家的

同理，楼梯、讲台、床、门这种异形方块也都是有朝向的

FACING属性

这里我们就来看看熔炉方块的源代码，重点找到它的方块状态，这里找到AbstractFurnaceBlock类

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public static final DirectionProperty FACING = HorizontalFacingBlock.FACING;

这里定义了一个FACING属性，从它的名字来看就是我们要找的方块朝向

这个是一个DirectionProperty类型的变量，是Minecraft中用于表示方位的属性

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public static final DirectionProperty FACING = Properties.HORIZONTAL_FACING;

虽然说熔炉方块的FACING引用的是HorizontalFacingBlock中的，不过它本质上引用的是Properties.HORIZONTAL_FACING

在Properties类中，我们可以找到它的定义

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public static final DirectionProperty HORIZONTAL_FACING = DirectionProperty.of("facing", Direction.Type.HORIZONTAL);

另外我们也可以看到另一个名为FACING这个属性的定义

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public static final DirectionProperty FACING = DirectionProperty.of(
	"facing", Direction.NORTH, Direction.EAST, Direction.SOUTH, Direction.WEST, Direction.UP, Direction.DOWN
);

原版就只有木桶方块引用的是这个FACING，相比较而言，HORIZONTAL_FACING这个属性只有东西南北四个方向，而FACING则多了上下

哎？那么楼梯的上下是怎么区分的？好问题

楼梯方块有其他的方块状态共同决定其形状，它的方法也和其他方块不一样

具体的感兴趣的同学可以自己研究，未来我们或许会讲讲楼梯方块的具体实现

状态初始化

另外在熔炉方块的构造函数中，我们可以看到对方块状态初始化

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protected AbstractFurnaceBlock(AbstractBlock.Settings settings) {
	super(settings);
	this.setDefaultState(this.stateManager.getDefaultState().with(FACING, Direction.NORTH).with(LIT, Boolean.valueOf(false)));
}

这里我们看到了FACING，并且初始化为Direction.NORTH，也就是朝北

另外一个LIT属性我们在未来的教程中也会讲，这个是控制方块发光的属性，因为熔炉在工作时，它会照亮周围

一些方法

然后，我们再看看引用FACING的一些方法

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@Override
public BlockState getPlacementState(ItemPlacementContext ctx) {
	return this.getDefaultState().with(FACING, ctx.getHorizontalPlayerFacing().getOpposite());
}

这里我们看到了getPlacementState这个方法，这个方法用于获取方块放置时的状态

getHorizontalPlayerFacing这个方法用于获取玩家放置方块时的朝向

getOpposite方法用于获取方位的反方向，比如玩家面朝南，那么熔炉就会朝北

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@Override
public BlockState rotate(BlockState state, BlockRotation rotation) {
	return state.with(FACING, rotation.rotate(state.get(FACING)));
}

rotate这个方法用于旋转方块，这里我们直接将FACING属性旋转即可

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@Override
public BlockState mirror(BlockState state, BlockMirror mirror) {
	return state.rotate(mirror.getRotation(state.get(FACING)));
}

mirror这个方法用于镜像方块，这里我们直接将FACING属性旋转即可

当然这两个方法具体我也不太清楚是用来干什么的，带有方块朝向的方块，一般都会重写这两个方法

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@Override
protected void appendProperties(StateManager.Builder<Block, BlockState> builder) {
	builder.add(FACING, LIT);
}

最后还要将方块属性加入到方块中，不然方块还是没有这些属性的

添加朝向

这期教程我们也是用Blockbench制作的方块

导出方块碰撞箱

那么在导出方块之前，我们再安装一个插件，用于导出方块的碰撞箱

在文件->插件中搜索并安装Mod Utils这个插件，然后我们在导出这就会多了一个选项，Export VoxelShape(1.14+ Moded Minecraft)

图片

但在导出之前，还得将我们方块（组成方块的小体块）放到一个名为VoxelShapes这个组下面，这样才能被这个插件识别（感觉这插件要求还挺多）

图片

然后再点击Export VoxelShape(1.14+ Modded Minecraft)，就会弹出一个窗口，然后就可以选择映射，这里我们要选择Yarn，导出当前方块的碰撞箱

图片

但这还没完，因为我们需要4个不同面向的方块碰撞箱，那么现在你想到，把方块整体转一下呗

哎，在你的方块中没有斜着的体块时可以这么做，但是，本期教程的案例是我从方舟模组中拿过来的一个时钟（见视频教程），
这里面有很多斜着的小体块，当我们整体旋转时，斜着的小体块就跑掉了

图片

因为由于Blockbench的限制，Java版的方块只支持单轴旋转

那么怎么办呢？这个倒是简单，直接做一个能够覆盖整个方块的体块，然后将其他的体块删了，再导出方块的碰撞箱，
如此导出其他3个碰撞箱

图片

另外注意，在旋转方块时，将枢轴点调整到一个完整方块的中心，即X和Z调到8，Y轴可以不管

SimpleOrangeClock

这里我们新建一个自定义的方块类，SimpleOrangeClock，继承Block类

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public class SimpleOrangeClock extends Block {
    public SimpleOrangeClock(Settings settings) {
        super(settings);
    }
}

方块状态

接下来我们来设置这个方块的方块状态

首先引入FACING这个参数

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public static final DirectionProperty FACING = Properties.HORIZONTAL_FACING;

这里我们可以直接引用Properties.HORIZONTAL_FACING

碰撞箱

随后我们将导出的方块碰撞箱放到方块中来

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private static final VoxelShape SHAPE_N = Block.createCuboidShape(3, 3, 15, 13, 13, 16);
private static final VoxelShape SHAPE_W = Block.createCuboidShape(15, 3, 3, 16, 13, 13);
private static final VoxelShape SHAPE_S = Block.createCuboidShape(3, 3, 0, 13, 13, 1);
private static final VoxelShape SHAPE_E = Block.createCuboidShape(0, 3, 3, 1, 13, 13);

一共是4个方位的不同碰撞箱

方块状态初始化

构造函数中的方块状态初始化写一下

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this.setDefaultState(this.getStateManager().getDefaultState().with(FACING, Direction.NORTH));

和原版一样，初始化为朝北

后面我们就要重写一些方法了

getOuutlineShape

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@Override
public VoxelShape getOutlineShape(BlockState state, BlockView world, BlockPos pos, ShapeContext context) {
    return switch (state.get(FACING)) {
        case SOUTH -> SHAPE_S;
        case EAST -> SHAPE_E;
        case WEST -> SHAPE_W;
        default -> SHAPE_N;
    };
}

重写getOutlineShape这个方法，这个方法用于获取方块的碰撞箱

因为FACING的实际属性是一个枚举类型的（你一路挖下去就能发现），所以这里可以直接用switch来判断当前方块面向并返回对应的碰撞箱

哎，这里就有人要问了，FACING不是DirectionProperty吗，怎么就成枚举了？

其实原版大多数的方块状态都是一个注册id再带上一个枚举类型的变量，后面我们自己来定义方块状态属性时，你可能就能理解了

这里的FACING属性，其实就是一个facing的注册id，带上一个有东西南北这4个不同面向的方块属性

appendProperties

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@Override
protected void appendProperties(StateManager.Builder<Block, BlockState> builder) {
    builder.add(FACING);
}

别忘了将FACING属性加入到方块中

其他的

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@Override
public BlockState rotate(BlockState state, BlockRotation rotation) {
    return state.with(FACING, rotation.rotate(state.get(FACING)));
}

@Override
public BlockState mirror(BlockState state, BlockMirror mirror) {
    return state.rotate(mirror.getRotation(state.get(FACING)));
}

@Override
public BlockState getPlacementState(ItemPlacementContext ctx) {
    return this.getDefaultState().with(FACING, ctx.getHorizontalPlayerFacing().getOpposite());
}

另外的三个我们就不再赘述了，按照原版来写就好了

注册方块

注册方块

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public static final Block SIMPLE_ORANGE_CLOCK = register("simple_orange_clock",
    new SimpleOrangeClock(AbstractBlock.Settings.create().strength(2.0f, 6.0f)));

实例化SimpleOrangeClock

添加物品栏

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entries.add(ModBlocks.SIMPLE_ORANGE_CLOCK);

不要忘了物品栏

数据生成

语言文件

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translationBuilder.add(ModBlocks.SIMPLE_ORANGE_CLOCK, "Simple Orange Clock");

模型文件

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blockStateModelGenerator.registerNorthDefaultHorizontalRotation(ModBlocks.SIMPLE_ORANGE_CLOCK);

方块状态文件，这里我们用到了registerNorthDefaultHorizontalRotation来生成默认面向北的方块状态文件

当然，这个并不会生成我们的方块模型文件，我们使用Blockbench制作的模型文件

下面是本期教程使用的模型文件，供参考

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{
	"credit": "Made with Blockbench",
	"texture_size": [32, 32],
	"textures": {
		"0": "tutorial-mod:block/simple_orange_clock",
		"particle": "tutorial-mod:block/simple_orange_clock"
	},
	"elements": [
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			"to": [9, 4, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": 0, "axis": "y", "origin": [0, 1, 15]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [4, 2, 5, 2.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [0.5, 7.5, 1, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [4, 2.5, 5, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [4, 7.5, 4.5, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [5, 3.5, 4, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [5, 3.5, 4, 4], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [5.4588, 3.30656, 15],
			"to": [7.4588, 4.30656, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [6.4588, 4.30656, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [5.5, 2, 6.5, 2.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [7.5, 5.5, 8, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [5.5, 2.5, 6.5, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [7.5, 6, 8, 6.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [6.5, 3.5, 5.5, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [6.5, 3.5, 5.5, 4], "texture": "#0"}
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			"rotation": {"angle": -45, "axis": "z", "origin": [6.56645, 3.76537, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [5.5, 4, 6.5, 4.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [7.5, 6.5, 8, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [5.5, 4.5, 6.5, 5], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [7.5, 7, 8, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [6.5, 5.5, 5.5, 5], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [6.5, 5.5, 5.5, 6], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [4.73384, 6.17331, 15],
			"to": [5.73384, 8.17331, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": 22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [6.73384, 3.17331, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [0, 6, 0.5, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [0.5, 6, 1, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [1, 6, 1.5, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [1.5, 6, 2, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [8, 8, 7.5, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [8.5, 0, 8, 0.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
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		{
			"from": [12.02734, 7.02734, 15],
			"to": [13.02734, 9.02734, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": 0, "axis": "y", "origin": [-0.97266, 0.02734, 15]},
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			"to": [3.97266, 9.02734, 16],
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			"faces": {
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				"east": {"uv": [5, 4, 5.5, 5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [4.5, 5, 5, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [5, 5, 5.5, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [8, 5.5, 7.5, 5], "texture": "#0"},
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		{
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			"to": [9.72644, 7.05826, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -45, "axis": "z", "origin": [8.72644, 3.05826, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [6.5, 7, 7, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [7, 7, 7.5, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [0, 7.5, 0.5, 8.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [7.5, 0, 8, 1], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [5.5, 8.5, 5, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [8.5, 5, 8, 5.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [10.95541, 5.63838, 15],
			"to": [11.95541, 7.63838, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [10.95541, 4.63838, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [1.5, 7, 2, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [4.5, 7, 5, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [5, 7, 5.5, 8], "texture": "#0"},
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			"rotation": {"angle": 22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [14.17539, 6.2557, 16]},
			"faces": {
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				"south": {"uv": [1, 7, 1.5, 8], "texture": "#0"},
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		{
			"from": [9.26197, 9.46088, 15],
			"to": [11.26197, 10.46088, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -45, "axis": "z", "origin": [12.26197, 9.46088, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [6.5, 5.5, 7.5, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [3, 8, 3.5, 8.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [6.5, 6, 7.5, 6.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [8, 3, 8.5, 3.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [7.5, 7, 6.5, 6.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [1, 7, 0, 7.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [8.5412, 11.74812, 15],
			"to": [10.5412, 12.74812, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [9.5412, 11.74812, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [6.5, 4, 7.5, 4.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [2.5, 8, 3, 8.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [4.5, 6.5, 5.5, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [8, 2.5, 8.5, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [7.5, 5, 6.5, 4.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [7.5, 5, 6.5, 5.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [6.91134, 10.44574, 15],
			"to": [8.91134, 11.44574, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": 22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [3.91134, 7.44574, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [2, 6, 3, 6.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [0.5, 8, 1, 8.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [3, 6, 4, 6.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [8, 0.5, 8.5, 1], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [5, 6.5, 4, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [6, 6, 5, 6.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [2.51386, 8.72078, 15],
			"to": [3.51386, 10.72078, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -22.5, "axis": "z", "origin": [3.51386, 7.72078, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [6, 6, 6.5, 7], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [2, 6.5, 2.5, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [6.5, 2, 7, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [2.5, 6.5, 3, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [1.5, 8.5, 1, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [2, 8, 1.5, 8.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [2.03092, 10.75378, 15],
			"to": [3.03092, 12.75378, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": -45, "axis": "z", "origin": [3.03092, 8.75378, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [3, 6.5, 3.5, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [6.5, 3, 7, 4], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [3.5, 6.5, 4, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [4, 6.5, 4.5, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [2.5, 8.5, 2, 8], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [8.5, 2, 8, 2.5], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [7, 12.05468, 15],
			"to": [9, 13.05468, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": 0, "axis": "y", "origin": [0, 0.05468, 15]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [7.5, 1, 8.5, 1.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [5.5, 8, 6, 8.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [7.5, 1.5, 8.5, 2], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [8, 5.5, 8.5, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [3, 8, 2, 7.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [4, 7.5, 3, 8], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [3.9, 5, 16],
			"to": [12.1, 11, 16],
			"rotation": {"angle": 0, "axis": "y", "origin": [8, 8, 16]},
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [0, 0, 4, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [0, 0, 0, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [0, 3, 4, 6], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [0, 0, 0, 3], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [4, 0, 0, 0], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [4, 0, 0, 0], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [5, 11, 16],
			"to": [11, 12.1, 16],
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [4, 0, 7, 0.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [0, 0, 0, 0.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [4, 0.5, 7, 1], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [0, 0, 0, 0.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [3, 0, 0, 0], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [3, 0, 0, 0], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		},
		{
			"from": [5, 4, 16],
			"to": [11, 5, 16],
			"faces": {
				"north": {"uv": [4, 1, 7, 1.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"east": {"uv": [0, 0, 0, 0.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"south": {"uv": [4, 1.5, 7, 2], "texture": "#0"},
				"west": {"uv": [0, 0, 0, 0.5], "texture": "#0"},
				"up": {"uv": [3, 0, 0, 0], "texture": "#0"},
				"down": {"uv": [3, 0, 0, 0], "texture": "#0"}
			}
		}
	],
	"display": {
		"thirdperson_righthand": {
			"rotation": [75, 45, 0],
			"translation": [0, 2.5, 0],
			"scale": [0.375, 0.375, 0.375]
		},
		"thirdperson_lefthand": {
			"rotation": [75, 45, 0],
			"translation": [0, 2.5, 0],
			"scale": [0.375, 0.375, 0.375]
		},
		"firstperson_righthand": {
			"rotation": [0, 45, 0],
			"scale": [0.4, 0.4, 0.4]
		},
		"firstperson_lefthand": {
			"rotation": [0, 225, 0],
			"scale": [0.4, 0.4, 0.4]
		},
		"ground": {
			"translation": [0, 3, 0],
			"scale": [0.25, 0.25, 0.25]
		},
		"gui": {
			"rotation": [30, 225, 0],
			"scale": [0.625, 0.625, 0.625]
		},
		"head": {
			"rotation": [0, 180, 0],
			"translation": [0, 13, 7]
		},
		"fixed": {
			"scale": [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
		}
	},
	"groups": [
		{
			"name": "group",
			"origin": [8, 8, 8],
			"color": 0,
			"children": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
		}
	]
}

测试

那么最后，我们就可以进入游戏进行测试了